Huangqin Decoction Attenuates DSS-Induced Mucosal Damage and Promotes Epithelial Repair via Inhibiting TNF-α-Induced NF-κB Activation / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effect of Chinese herbal formula Huangqin Decoction (HQD) on ulcerative colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and human intestinal epithelial cell injury induced by tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).@*METHODS@#In vivo, 30 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups using a random number table (n=6 per group), including control, DSS, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), HQD low- (HQD-L) and high-dose (HQD-H) groups. The colitis mouse model was established by 3% (w/v) DSS water for 5 days. Meanwhile, mice in the HQD-L, HQD-H and 5-ASA groups were administrated with 100, 200 mg/kg HQD or 100 mg/kg 5-ASA, respectively, once daily by gavage. After 9 days of administration, the body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score and colon length of mice were measured, the pathological changes of colons were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining, and the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, the human colon epithelial normal cells (FHC cells) were exposed to HQD (0.6 mg/mL) for 12 h and then treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. The tight junction (TJ) protein expression levels of Claudin-4 and Occludin, and the protein phosphorylation levels of p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB)-α (IκBα) were measured by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#In vivo, compared with the DSS group, HQD-H treatment attenuated the weight loss and reduced DAI score of mice on the 8th day (P<0.05). Moreover, HQD-H treatment ameliorated the colon shortening in the DSS-induced colitis mice (P<0.05). HE staining showed HQD attenuated the pathological changes of colitis mice, and the histological scores of HQD-H and 5-ASA groups were significantly decreased compared with the DSS group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, HQD-H and 5-ASA significantly decreased the serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of mice (P<0.05). In vitro experiments showed that HQD up-regulated Occludin and Claudin-4 protein expressions and inhibited p-p65 and p-IκBα levels in FHC cells compared with the TNF-α group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#HQD significantly relieved the symptoms in DSS-induced colitis mice by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and maintained the homeostasis of TJ protein in FHC cells by suppressing TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.

The ratio of hamstring to quadriceps peak torque predicts balance and walking quality among hemiplegic stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To seek any correlation of the ratio of knee flexor to knee extensor peak torque (H/Q) with the balance and walking ability of hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Thirty stroke survivors with hemiplegia had the H/Q value of their knees measured at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 120°/sec using an isokinetic muscle strength test. Their motor control ability was assessed using the Pro-Kin balance test system, while their balance and walking were assessed using the Berg balance scale (BBS), the stand-to-walk timing test (TUGT) and the 10m walk test (10MWT). Any correlation was sought between the H/Q value of the affected knee, the test results, stability limits and offset index.Results:The average H/Q values of the affected knee joint at 60°/sec and 120°/sec were significantly lower than those of healthy joints. They were positively correlated with BBS scores and stability limits, and negatively correlated with TUGT and 10MWT times and with the offset indices.Conclusion:The H/Q value of the affected knee of a stroke survivor with hemiplegia predicts balance and walking ability. It may be a useful clinical indicator for evaluating their motor functioning.

Pre-Transfusion Testing and Transfusion Strategy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Daratumumab Treatment / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the procedure of pre-transfusion testing and transfusion strategy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated by daratumumab (DarA).@*METHODS@#The blood samples of MM patients before and after DarA treatment from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected, and the ABO/Rh blood group antigen identification and DAT test results were compared. The results of antibody screening and cross matching of the patients before and after inactivation of red blood cells with 0.2 mol/L dithiothreitol (DTT) were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#ABO/Rh blood group antigen typing showed no affecting in patients after treated by DarA; the result of DAT test showed negative. Irregular antibody screening showed that all the three cells(Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were positive(1+~2+) and the self-control was negative. By microcolumn agglutination method, the main side of the multi-bag of blood showed no matched, while the secondary side showed all identical. After treated by DTT solution, the cross matching results in reagent red blood cells and the red blood cells of blood donors were both consistent, and the irregular antibody screening was negative. The K(+)O type erythrocytes used in parallel control were transformed into K(-)O type erythrocytes after DTT treatment. However, there was no significant changes in E(+) O type erythrocytes before and after DTT treatment. There was no condensation on the primary and secondary side of the condensed amine method. The primary and secondary sides of blood matching by saline method showed negative.@*CONCLUSION@#After treated by DarA, cross matching results from microcolumn agglutination method can be interfered by the residual drug antibody in MM patients, while the interference was eliminated in the presence of 0.2 mol/L DTT solution. However, no disturbance was observed when using condensed amine method or saline method. Therefore, corresponding transfusion procedures should be selected according to the emergency degree of blood transfusion to ensure the safety and timeliness of blood transfusion.

Safety of Thread Embedding Acupuncture Therapy: A Systematic Review / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety of thread embedding acupuncture therapy (TEAT) and discuss the prevention and treatment of some adverse events (AEs).@*METHODS@#Review of databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CBMdisc, Wanfang, VIP databases and English literature published in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, were searched from their inception to January 2020, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case reports in which AEs with TEAT were included. Cochrane Collaboration's tool and RevMan V.5.3.3 software were used to evaluate the quality of the studies.@*RESULTS@#A total of 61 studies (45 RCTs and 16 case reports) with 620 cases of AEs were included in this review. These studies were published in two countries: China and South Korea. Twenty eight kinds of AEs were summarized. The most common AEs were induration, bleeding and ecchymosis, redness and swelling, fever, and pain. They were accounted for 75.35% (425/564) in the review, and most of them were mild. The rarest AEs were epilepsy, irregular menstruation, skin ulcer, thread malabsorption, and fat liquefaction, with 1 case each. But not all of them had clear causal relationship with TEAT. Most of the AEs were local reactions [with incidence of 9.83% (480/4,882)] and systemic reactions accounted for only 1.27% (62/4,882). Although the included studies showed that AEs were very commonly encountered (11.09%), only 5 cases of severe AEs reported from 2013 to 2017 (0.1%) by using catgut thread, which are rarely seen nowdays with the wide use of new absorbable surgical suture. All of the severe AEs were recovered after symptomatic treatment with no sequelae.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The evidence showed that TEAT is a relatively safe and convenient therapy especially since application of new absorbable surgical suture. Improving practitioner skills, regulating operations, and paying attention to the patients' conditions may reduce the incidence of AEs and improve safety of TEAT.

Progress in pharmacokinetics of oral transmucosal drug delivery systems / 药学学报

Oral transmucosal drug delivery can be defined as the administration of drug through the oral mucosa to achieve systemic effects. It has the advantages of high bioavailability and rapid drug response. In this review, we introduce the physiology of oral mucosa, and analyze the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic properties of oral transmucosal drug delivery in detail, such as physiological barriers, different administration sites, physicochemical properties of drugs, dosage forms, and formulation strategies. In addition, we describe the methods to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of this delivery systems, including in vitro permeability studies, buccal absorption studies, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modeling, which provide methods and reference for the development of oral transmucosal drug delivery systems.

Mechanism of DATS Inhibiting Side Population Cell Proliferation in Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of diallyl thiosulfinate (DATS) on the proliferation of side population (SP) cells in multiple myeloma (MM) and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929 cells were cultured, and the level of SP cells was detected by Hoechst33342 staining. The SP cells were cultured and treated with 10 µg/ml DATS, the CCK8 assay was carried out to examine the effect of DATS on the proliferation ability in SP cells, and plate colony-forming test was used to examine the colony-forming ability, the flow cytometry assay was carried out to examine the cell cycle, Western blot assay was used to examine the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SP cells were detected in RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929 cells with a proportion of 3.17±0.98 and 2.65±0.61, respectively. DATS treatment could significantly inhibit the SP cells survival in a time-dependent manner, and also could significantly inhibit the colony forming. In addition, DATS treatment could significantly induce the G/S arrest and suppress the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DATS can inhibit the proliferation and colony-forming of SP cells in multiple myeloma, and induce the G/S arrest that may be carried out via suppressing the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4.</p>

Effects of different stimulatory factors on functions of CIK cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different stimulatory factors on proliferation and function of cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were separated by Ficoll-Hypacue gradient. According to supplement of different stimulatory factors (CD28 mAb, IL-15 and IL-21), the experiment was divided into five groups:control group (CIK), CB28+IL-15+IL-21 group, IL-15+IL-21 group, CD28+IL-15 group and CD28+IL-21 group. Effects of different stimulatory factors on the proliferation of CIK cells were assayed by an automated hematology analyzer. Changes of granzyme B,perforin and CD107a were detected by flow cytometry. IL-10, IL-12, INF-γ and TNF-α were quantified by ELISA. Cytotoxicities on lung cancer cell line A549, breast adenocarcinoma cell line MFC-7 and human melanoma cell line HME1 were examined by lactate dehydrogenase release method. The results showed that there were significant differences among different groups. The highest proliferation index on days 10 was observed in group CD28mAb, IL-15 and IL-21(255.3 ± 6.3), which was higher than control group, IL-21+IL-15 group and CD28 mAb+IL-21 group (166.6 ± 13.5, 199.4 ± 15.0 and 228.8 ± 16.6) (P < 0.05). The expression of perforin in CD28 mAb+IL-15 group was higher than the other groups. The expression of perforin,GranB and CD107a of costimulatory groups was higher than control group. The cytotoxicities of CD28 mAb+IL-15 group on A549, MFC-7 and HME1 cells (82.2%, 59.3% and 70.6%) were much higher than that of control group (60.9%, 49.6% and 48.4%) (P < 0.05). The highest IFN-γsecretion was found in CD28 mAb, IL-15 and IL-21 groups. It is concluded that there are significant difference of proliferative capacity, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity after being activated by different stimulatory factors. Adding corresponding stimulatory factors into the culture system displays a great value for target cells culture.

Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide on CD4+/CD8+ T cell levels after traumatic brain injury in a rat model / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously. The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (n=6, each): sham-operated, vehicle (normal saline)+TBI, and PACAP+TBI. Normal saline or PACAP (1g/5L) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI. Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method. Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma. Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry. RESULTS: In injured brain regions, edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope, and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi. Compared to the sham group, average CD4+ CD8– lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI+vehicle, and CD4– CD8+ were increased. In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI, damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4+, and decreased CD8+, T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

Inhibitory effect of toll-like receptor 7 agonist on K562 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist gardiquimod on K562 cells. Human γδT cells from peripheral blood cells were amplified by isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The proliferation capacity of γδT cells and K562 cells were measured with MTT assay after treatment with different concentrations of gardiquimod. Cytotoxicity of γδT cells on K562 cells was detected by CCK-8 kit, and the intracellular expression of TLR7, cell cycle and apoptosis of K562 cells before and after treatment with gardiquimod were measured by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that gardiquimod could significantly stimulate the proliferation of γδT cells, and inhibit proliferation of K562 cells under the concentration of 11.0 µg/ml for 48 h. The expression of TLR7 increased after treatment with gardiquimod. No apoptosis was observed, but there were significant changes in cell cycle, moreover the K562 cells treated with gardiquimod were more killed by γδT cells. It is concluded that the gardiquimod can inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and enhance their sensitivity to killing activity of human γδT cells.

Protective effects of propolis on inorganic mercury induced oxidative stress in mice.

Protective potential of propolis was evaluated against mercury induced oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymatic alterations in mice liver. Exposure to mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 5 mg/kg; ip) induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with concomitant decrease in glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes. Mercury intoxication deviated the activity of liver marker enzymes in serum. Conjoint treatment of propolis (200 mg/kg; po) inhibited lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level, whereas increased glutathione level. Activities of antioxidants enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also restored concomitantly towards control after propolis administration. Release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and y-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly restored towards control after propolis treatment. Results suggest that propolis augments the antioxidants defense against mercury induced toxicity and provides evidence that it has therapeutic potential as hepatoprotective agent.

Effect of heavy metals exposure on neurobehavioral function in welders / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between heavy metals exposure and neurobehavioral function impairment in welders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The metals exposure in 82 welders and 51 operators were investigated with blood Pb, Cd and Mn via AAS, and the nervous impairment was evaluated with neurobehavioral core test battery (NCTB).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pb [(115.49 +/- 79.22) microg/L] and Cd [(3.67 +/- 3.19) microg/L] in welders were significantly higher than operators [(69.32 +/- 50.79) and (0.83 +/- 0.76) microg/L respectively] (P < 0.05). Welders had worse standard scores of NCTB 13 items such as depression-dejection than non-welders (P < 0.05). Significant difference of confusion-bewilderment and forward digit span in welders only existed in different groups of Pb and Mn, respectively. A dose-effect relationship was found between forward digit span and serum Mn level in welders. General linear regression analysis indicated that Pb exposure, Mn exposure and alcohol consume had negative relation with the loss of nervous system function.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nervous impairment in welders is attributed to occupational exposure to Pb and Mn, concomitantly.</p>

Relationship between expression of caveolin-1 and pERK1/2 and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and pERK1/2 and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cav-1 and pERK1/2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 160 patients with NSCLC and 20 patients with normal lung tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positive for Cav-1 (membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns). The expression rate of Cav-1 in NSCLC was 65.6% (105/160), which was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P = 0.002). The Cav-1-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated tumors and poorly differentiated tumors were 56.8% (46/81) and 75.7% (53/70), respectively (P = 0.015). The expression of Cav-1 was much higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (77.8%, compared with 55.7% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.003). The expression was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (75.4%, compared with 58.2%, P = 0.024). The overall survival of patients with Cav-1-positive tumors (71.4%, 37.1% and 17.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with Cav-1-negative tumors (89.1%, 69.1% and 43.6% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.000). On the other hand, normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were negative for pERK1/2. The expression rate of pERK1/2 in NSCLC was 61.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P = 0.000). The pERK1/2-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated tumors and poorly differentiated tumors was 53.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.021). The expression of pERK1/2 was much higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (80.6%, compared with 45.5% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.000). The expression of pERK1/2 was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (76.8%, compared with 49.5%, P = 0.426). The overall survival of patients with pERK1/2-positive tumors (74.5%, 42.9% and 19.4% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with pERK1/2-negative tumors (82.3%, 56.5% and 37.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.002). Cav-1 and pERK1/2 expression showed negative correlation (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cav-1 expression is lower in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue, whereas pERK1/2 expression is higher in NSCLC. Positive expression of Cav-1 and overexpression of pERK1/2 correlates with tumorigenesis and tumor progression of NSCLC. Cav-1 and pERK1/2 may serve as potential markers for predicting prognosis in NSCLC.</p>

Assessment of energy expenditure and body composition in cancer patients / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To demonstrate the changes of resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate metabolism and body composition in cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2004 to March 2008, REE, carbohydrate oxidation (CO) and fat oxidation (FO) in 936 cancer patients and 840 control subjects were measured by indirect calorimetry. Bioelectrical impedance appliance was applied to assess intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No difference in REE was found between the cancer patients and non-cancer patients [(1452.2 +/- 196.4) kcal/d vs. (1429.5 +/- 182.6) kcal/d, P = 0.136]. But REE/FFM and REE/pREE were elevated in cancer patients than in controls (all P < 0.05). Of the cancer patients, 48.6% were hypermetabolic, 42.9% normal and 8.5% hypometabolic, while those were 22.5%, 58.5% and 19.0% in controls. Cancer patients had higher FO [(77.8 +/- 11.3) g/min vs. (67.1 +/- 12.1) g/min, P = 0.000], lower CO and npRQ [(68.7 +/- 10.5) g/min vs. (88.8 +/- 12.1) g/min, P = 0.000; 0.782 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.810 +/- 0.014, P = 0.000]. Cancer patients exhibited lower FM and FFM [(14.9 +/- 4.5) kg vs. (18.4 +/- 5.2) kg, P = 0.000; (44.4 +/- 7.2) kg vs. (46.1 +/- 8.1) kg, P = 0.008].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Elevated REE is common in cancer patients. Substrate metabolism of the cancer patients features in increased FO, decreased CO and npRQ, which is correlated with the elevated REE. FM and FFM loses in proportion in cancer patients.</p>

NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce showed higher iron absorption rate in Chinese females / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>NaFeEDTA was considered as a promising iron fortificant for controlling iron deficiency anemia. Soy sauce is a suitable food carrier for iron fortification and is a popular condiment in China. Iron absorption rates of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 were observed and compared in adult female subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The stable isotope tracer method was used in Chinese females consuming a typical Chinese diet. Ten healthy young Chinese women were selected as subjects in the 15-day study. A plant-based diet was used based on the dietary pattern of adult women in the 1992 National Nutrition Survey. Six milligram of 54Fe in 54FeSO4 soy sauce and 3 mg 58Fe in Na58FeEDTA soy sauce were given to the same subjects in two days. Food samples and fecal samples were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Iron absorption rates of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 were 10.51% +/- 2.83 and 4.73% +/- 2.15 respectively. The 58Fe (NaFeEDTA) absorption was significantly higher than that of 54Fe (FeSO4) (P < 0.01). The iron absorption rate from NaFeEDTA was 1.2 times higher than that from FeSO4 in Chinese adult women consuming a typical Chinese diet.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The higher absorption rate of NaFeEDTA suggested that NaFeEDTA would be a better iron fortificant used in soy sauce for the controlling of iron deficiency anemia in China.</p>

Study on surface modification and biocompatibility of NiTi alloy intravascular stents / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper introduces the surface modification of NiTi alloy intravascular stents for roughness by chemical erosion and plasma deposition technology. The stent which had been granulated with chemical erosion was treated with TiO2 film prepared with Gel-sol. The study on the biocompatibility of the modified stent by the above two ways shows that the modified stent is rougher, and its anticoagulation and hydrophilicity are improved. However, the capability of erosion resistance is not enhanced significantly.

Prevalence of malnutrition in general surgical patients: evaluation of nutritional status and prognosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate prevalence of malnutrition on admission to hospital and the relationship between nutritional status and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four thousand and twelve patients admitted to general surgery department were evaluated by a lot of nutrition indexes within 48 h. Operative morbidity and complications were recorded to identify the difference between malnourished and well-nourished patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Malnutrition rate of all patients according to BMI, TSF, MAC, AMC, albumin, prealbumin, and lymphocyte count was 21.3%, 50.6%, 20.5%, 21.2%, 24.2%, 35.4% and 55.8%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition as defined by SGA and MNA were 38.8% and 20.8%. The older patients (> 60 years old) were associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition (47.6%) compared with those younger than 60 (31.5%). Malnutrition was more frequently occurred in cancer patients than non-oncologic patients (64.5% vs 22.4%). Patients with digestive tract disease had higher rates of malnutrition than those without digestive tract disease (52.6% vs 30.0%). There were large differences in the morbidity and complications between well nourished patients and malnourished patients (4.0% vs 1.1%, P < 0.01 for morbidity; 19.8% vs 5.9% for complications).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized surgical patients is high. Malnutrition was associated with increased length of stay, higher operative morbidity and complications.</p>

Anti-rejection effect of ethanol extract of Poria cocos wolf in rats after cardiac allograft implantation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A living fetus within the maternal uterus provides an example of allogene tolerance in mammals. Poria cocos Wolf is the main component of many Chinese medicinal combination drugs that have therapeutic effects on recurrent spontaneous abortion and that can maintain pregnancy until delivery. It was hypothesized that this herbal medicine can also prolong allograft survival after organ transplantation. Here, in an in vivo study, we report the anti-rejection effect of the ethanol extract of Poria cocos Wolf (EEPCW) in rats after cardiac allograft implantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten normal rats were healthy controls. Eighty rats receiving homologous heart transplants were divided into 4 groups of 20 rats each based on type of treatment: olive oil 8 ml.kg(-1).d(-1), EEPCW 25 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), EEPCW 50 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) or cyclosporin A 5 mg.kg(-1).d(-1). Allograft survival was observed in 10 rats from each group. On the seventh day post transplantation, pathological lesions and percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood were assessed in another 10 rats from each group and in 10 normal rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The survival time of donor hearts in the two EEPCW groups was significantly prolonged, to (15.9 +/- 2.4) days and (30.0 +/- 0.0) days, respectively, compared with (6.7 +/- 0.8) days in the control group. Pathological lesions in the two EEPCW groups were also less severe, and the percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower in the EEPCW groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acute rejection of heart transplants and cellular immune reaction can be effectively suppressed using the EEPCW. Taking advantage of novel immunosuppressants derived from Chinese medicinal herbs used to treat abnormal pregnancy provides a hopeful road for future research and treatment in organ transplantation.</p>

Study on of dietary pesticide residues in Chinese residents / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the change of pesticide residues in Chinese dietary through analysis on results of the pesticide residues in the Chinese total diet study carried out the first in 1990.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Organochlorine, such as HCH and DDT of 9 groups and 15 organophosphorus pesticide residues of 3 groups in four regions of China were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) respectively. According to the amount of pesticide residues in various foods and the amount of food consumption in different areas, we calculated the amount of dietary intake of pesticide residues, then compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) or provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). The contaminated samples were validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that the total dietary daily intake of HCH per person was decreasing from 5.04 micro g in 1990 to 3.11 micro g in 2000, where as the total dietary daily intake of DDT per person was decreasing from 20.47 micro g in 1990 to 2.15 micro g in 2000. The result was less than 1 percent difference of PTDI (0.01 mg/kg bw) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) in 2000. Compared to the results in 1990, the intake of HCH from animal foods increased a little, due to the contaminated of aquatic products by Lindan in the second Southern region and the first Northern region. None of the organophosphorous pesticide residues analyzed were detected in cereals, vegetables and fruits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The intake level of pesticide residues in Chinese dietary in 2000 was considered to be low, and the abuse of organophosphorous pesticide seemed to be under effective control.</p>

Specific anti-leukemic cell effect mediated by dendritic cells pulsed with chronic myelogenous leukemia lysate antigen in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

To investigate the specific antileukemia effect of dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with chronic myelogenous leukemic lysate antigen (CLA), dendritic cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were pulsed by CLA, and then cocultured with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells from CML patients (CIK + CLA-DC group). The cytotoxic activity in vitro was measured by using a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, and compared with CIK + DC, CIK and CIK + CLA groups. The results showed that under an effector-target ratio of 25:1, the cytotoxic activity of CIK + CLA-DC, CIK + DC, CIK and CIK + CLA groups against autologous CML cells was (68.8 +/- 14.2)%, (52.5 +/- 9.4)%, (20.6 +/- 7.5)% and (24.2 +/- 8.7)%, respectively. CIK + CLA-DC group displayed a strongest cytotoxic activity. When K562 and Raji cells acted as target cells and CIK as effectors, the cytotoxic activity against autologous CML cells in CIK + CLA-DC group (68.8 +/- 14.2)% was much higher than that against K562 cells (14.6 +/- 6.2)% and Raji cells (12.7 +/- 10.2)%, respectively. In conclusion, coculture of CIK cells with DC led to a significant increase in cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxicity could be further increased by DC pulse with CML cell lysate antigen, and cytotoxicity mediated by CML lysate antigen possess stronger specificity.

The influence of HCV core protein on cell apoptosis,cell cycles and cell telomerase activities of HepG2 cells / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of HCV core protein on cell apoptosis, cell cycles and cell telomerase activities of HepG2 cells. Methods A eukaryotic expression plasmid containing HCV C gene was constructed by DNA recombinant technique and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into HepG2. Thereafter, HepG2 cells transfected with recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid were obtained. The HCV C mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid were verified by RT PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The HepG2 cells were studied as follows: (1) The cell proliferation ratio of three groups cells(HepG2 cells transfected with the recombinant plasmid, HepG2 cells transfected with blank plasmid and HepG2 cells without transfection) was evaluated by MTT assay; the cell cycles were also examined by FACS. (2) The apoptotic ratio of three groups cells were examined by FACS. (3) The cell telomerase activities of all three group cells were examined by TRAP ELISA assay. Results (1) The cell proliferation ratio in the group of HepG2 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid was higher than that of the group of HepG2 cells transfected with blank plasmid or the group of HepG2 cells without transfection; The proportion of phase S in the group of HepG2 transfected with the recombinant plasmid was significantly higher than that of the group of HepG2 without transfection. (2) The apoptotic ratio in the group of HepG2 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid was significantly lower than that of the group of HepG2 cells transfected with blank plasmid or the group of HepG2 cells without transfection. (3) There were no significant differences among the three group cell telomerase activities. Conclusions (1) HCV C protein had the potential role in inhibiting cell apoptosis. (2)HCV C protein could induce HepG2 cells from phase G 0/1 to phase S, and might promote cell proliferation, inhibit cell apoptosis. (3) HCV C protein had no influence on cell telomerase activities of HepG2 cells, thus HCV C protein regulated cell cycle, promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis not by enhancing cell telomerase activities.